As revealed in Table I and Fig. 2, AS-IV leads to apoptosis largely because of the mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic pathway as well as the death receptor-dependent extrinsic pathway. The intrinsic pathway contributes to the discharge of cytochrome cTCMs are commonly used in clinical treatment in various Asian nations around the world. They drastic

13,thirty Additionally, CCL2 has been reported to enhance osteoclastogenesis by inducing the expression of receptor activator of NF-?B (RANK) by osteoclast progenitors.31 RANK ligand (RANKL) additional promotes the differentiation of osteoclast progenitors into practical osteoclasts, which could aggravate DP by leading to alveolar bone resorption.3